Certified Paraoptometric Assistant (CPOA) Practice Test

These questions are part of the practice quiz. Start practicing

• If the distance PD is 64 mm and the near PD is 60 mm, what is the seg inset?
• Money used mostly for postage due and small amounts of the office supplies is known as?
• If keratometry readings are 42.50 @ 090 and 41.75 @ 180, the proper prescription to correct this refractive error would be:
• Which glaucoma procedure may be repeated more than twice?
• Green weakness is Deuteranomalous.
• A 1.00 D lens will refract light rays to a focus of how many meters from the lens?
• Which bone is NOT part of the orbit?
• Which filing method organizes records in alphabetical order?
• What is the focal length of a 5 diopter lens?
• Probably the most important part of the low vision examination is the:
• What type of nosepad is the best choice for an elderly patient?
• In medical billing, which category represents money owed by patients after insurance has paid?
• Tear break-up time will usually decrease with contact lens wear.
• Which term describes smooth tracking of a moving object by the eyes?
• Which lens type deviates light in more than one direction?
• During near point convergence (NPC) testing, what indicates that the break point has been reached?
• Confrontation testing should be performed at a distance of
• Anisometropia is a condition of what?
• Meniscus is when one surface is concave and the other convex.
• Which instrument uses a black or gray matte-finished cloth as its testing surface?
• If the two sets of lines do not come into focus at the same time, the lens being neutralized is a:
• Which of the following is an example of a neurologic condition?
• Which of the following is NOT a type of cover testing?
• Cutting an eye muscle and reattaching it further back on the eye is known as:
• The commonly known 'pink eye' refers to which medical condition?
• What is the term for notifying a patient of a need to schedule an appointment via letter, card, e-mail, or phone call?
• Which term is used for the ability to predict timing of events based on visual cues?
• What is the primary function of the cornea?
• What is the speed of light in a vacuum?
• Goblet Cells secrete mucus to aid tear film stability.
• Grave's disease is associated with:
• Which organization establishes tempered glass lens standards?
• Which statement about stereopsis is untrue?
• The mucous membrane that lines the inside of the eyelids and the outside of the globe is called what?
• What is the correct cleaning agent for the condensing lens used with the indirect ophthalmoscope?
• Which instruments must stay in a battery-charging well when not in use?
• Which would be considered a non-optical device?
• How many millimeters is the palpebral fissure normally?
• The most common type of eyelid cancer is:
• If a patient is prescribed one drop twice daily to the left eye, which prescription notation correctly represents this?
• The money owed to the doctor from a patient after the insurance has paid is known as which account?
• Which should be billed for routine eye exams, refractions, glasses and or contact lens materials?
• A letter sent to another health care provider concerning a patient who is being referred is known as?
• Which plier is used to place tiny screws in hard-to-reach places?
• A patient who reports pain, light sensitivity, and tearing should be suspected to have which condition?
• As a less invasive option, which procedure can be used for some NLDO cases before considering DCR?
• Which term is used for parallel light rays focusing behind the retina?
• What is the properly calibrated height of the 20/200 letter on the Snellen chart for a testing distance of 13 feet?
• Why is polycarbonate a good lens material for children and monocular patients?
• A high AC/A ratio may be found in a patient with which condition?
• Leukocytes and proteins floating in the aqueous is referred to as:
• Which statement defines the additional standard for industrial safety lenses besides drop-ball testing?
• TRUE OR FALSE: In order for a GDX or HRT to be performed, the patient must have dilating eyedrops instilled?
• A slot gauge is used to
• When scheduling an appointment for a new patient, which approach is recommended?
• Relative size magnification is defined as:
• An Algerbrush may be used to:
• The angle that the frame front makes when the temple is viewed from the side is known as:
• Aphakic refers to which patient condition?
• In toric contact lens prescriptions, what does the X value indicate?
• Which type of patient would best benefit from extended-wear lenses?
• Which type of disinfection is most commonly used?
• What is the total optical power in the horizontal meridian?
• What test is used to measure the direction of a phoria?
• Which bone forms part of the orbit?
• Which type of plier is used to change the angle of the nosepads?
• A dimension or frame eye size is the largest horizontal measurement.
• Which statement about B-scan ultrasonography is true?
• Which lens material offers superior impact resistance among common options?
• Which of the following is not a professional resource for low vision patients?
• The simultaneous turning in of both eyes that occurs when viewing an approaching object is called convergence. What is the term for the turning outward as the object moves away?
• Which of the following is used to clean the Goldmann tonometer tip?
• Which frame component connects the frame front to the temples?
• What unit is used for the height measurement of the 20/200 letter in the example?
• Which of the following lists correctly orders the drainage pathway of tears from the tear film to the nasolacrimal duct?
• Which statement about a concave lens is incorrect?
• A normal iris diameter measurement is reported in which unit?
• The most notable effect of sickle cell disease on the ocular system is:
• What is the first step in adding a mastoid bend?
• Which symptom combination indicates an emergency requiring immediate attention?
• Which two directions share the same extent of 60 degrees?
• A Fresnel Press-On Lens is typically used for what purpose?
• Which law governs the privacy of patient health information in healthcare?
• Which term describes the sign of diopter power used to correct hyperopia?
• What is the highest degree of fusion?
• Which of the following is not a possible side effect of a cycloplegic drug?
• Which description matches the attribute 'Head is more round and eyes are closer set'?
• When recording the keratometry reading, the horizontal power reading is taken from the left side of the instrument; the vertical power reading is taken from the right side.
• Internal hordeolum is caused by blockage of which glands?
• Nasal extent of the monocular field is 60 degrees.
• Why is color vision harder to perceive in dim illumination?
• In keratometry, the horizontal reading is taken from which side, and the vertical from which side?
• The most important aspect of sports vision training is:
• Which procedure is used to treat acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction?
• Which instrument monitors fixation with a viewing telescope?
• Describe the relationship of the crystalline lens' ability to accommodate to aging.
• The liquid form of sodium fluorescein is very susceptible to contamination by which organism?
• Which fluid fills the anterior chamber of the eye?
• A diluted alcohol solution is used in which procedure?
• Inward turning of the eyelid is known as:
• When one eyewire is higher on the face than the other, which adjustment should be performed?
• Which diagnostic step may be used to evaluate NLDO before DCR?
• Severe eye pain, reduced vision, and nausea could suggest which condition?
• Common presenting symptom of acquired NLDO managed with DCR?
• Which procedure is commonly abbreviated LASIK?
• What function do the temples provide in frame stability?
• After instilling an eyedrop, the patient should apply pressure to the lacrimal sac for how long to minimize systemic absorption?
• In a penetrating keratoplasty, the clouded tissue is replaced by:
• Which cataract extraction method uses ultrasound energy to emulsify the lens?
• Cast-molded contact lenses are produced by which process?
• What type of lens is represented in the optical cross diagrams?
• What is the center thickness factor in lens thickness measurements?
• The frame eyewire should be kept from touching which areas to ensure comfort?
• Which device tests a rotatable arc of about 180 to 200 degrees?
• What is the main disadvantage of reading glasses?
• Which muscle elevates the upper eyelid?
• In hyperopia, what role does accommodation play?
• Which patients would require a balance lens?
• Absence of the crystalline lens is called?
• Which component is typically adjusted to address frame fit around the temples when needed?
• If both sets of lines making up the lensometer target come into focus at the same time, the neutralized lens is a:
• Which lens term describes one surface plano and the other concave?
• In a lens prescription, when there is no cylindrical component, how is the axis typically handled?
• Which term describes the age-related loss of near focusing ability?
• In emergencies and triage, the presence of which symptoms helps determine the level of the emergency?
• Name the three layers of tear film.
• Which muscle opens the pupil in darkness?
• What is the ANSI drop-ball test specification for industrial safety lenses?
• Which activity is part of a paraoptometric's responsibilities?
• Which of the following rigid lens overall diameters would be considered large?
• What will aid in the best cosmetic appearance of a lens?
• Which tool is commonly used to remove rust rings from the cornea?
• In eyewear terminology, endpieces are the parts of the frame that connect the front to the temples.
• Which of the following is a professional resource for low vision rehabilitation?
• An important factor in measuring lenses with an automated lensometer is keeping the lens flat against the lens stop.
• Which statement correctly describes how the progressive lens markings are used?
• A lens with two diopters of power has what approximate focal length?
• What is the approximate central corneal area measured by a keratometer in millimeters?
• Which statement about DCR is true?
• A presbyopic patient who requires no distance correction may be a good candidate for
• Near PD is typically how much smaller than the distance PD?
• Where do the nasal retinal fibers cross to the opposite side in the visual pathway?
• What are the two major functions of the ciliary body?
• What is the standard unit used to express the focusing power of a lens?
• Tapping a glass lens with a fingernail produces a sound that is:
• A condition commonly known as 'pink eye' is called:
• The term for a pooling of blood between the conjunctiva and episclera is called:
• When taking a call from a patient for the optometrist, which item should be attached to the message?
• Which of the following lists all six extraocular muscles?
• In prescription notation, what does the number after the X signify?
• Which symptom is commonly reported with posterior vitreous detachment?
• Which test is used to determine the presence of a tropia by observing the eye's fixation when the other eye is covered?
• The most common type of cataract surgery is?
• When is the recommended time to discuss payment policies with a patient?
• A normal NPC result is characterized by?
• Which term describes a lens with a flat surface and a convex surface?
• In Snellen notation, the denominator indicates the distance at which a normal observer can read the letters.
• Laser treatment for diabetic retinopathy is indicated for which condition?
• Which statement best matches angular magnification?
• During the cover-uncover test, which observation indicates a tropia is present?
• What is the prescription represented by the total optical cross?
• How many layers does the retina have?
• Glands Krause & Wolfring produce the watery layer of tear film in conjunction with the lacrimal gland.
• What term describes the eyes' ability to focus clearly on objects moving toward or away from the viewer?
• Which direction has the greatest monocular field extent?
• What term describes the age-related loss of focusing ability?
• Which refractive error describes parallel light rays focusing in front of the retina?
• What is the ANSI drop-ball test specification for dress eyewear?
• Which term describes leukocytes and proteins floating in the aqueous humor?
• Which of the following is not associated with a posterior vitreous detachment?
• Herpes zoster is commonly known as which condition?
• Which of the following is NOT one of the six extraocular muscles?
• If the manual lensmeter is in correct calibration, the mires without a lens in place will become clear at:
• Which statement is true about cast-molded contact lenses?
• The chief symptom should be documented as:
• Bioconvex is the term for a lens with:
• Which tint grade would be used for a patient who is extremely light sensitive?
• At optical infinity, light rays are considered to be which of the following?
• What is an important postoperative consideration after DCR?
• Dacryocystorhinostomy can be performed via which approach?
• Treatment for a subconjunctival hemorrhage is:
• Which acronym governs patient privacy and health information in the United States?
• Lenses with a higher refractive index are generally what in thickness compared with lower-index lenses?
• Keratometry is most commonly used to help with which of the following?
• Which term describes an executive bifocal in terms of its boundary?
• Which option lists the complete set of the six extraocular muscles?
• Near vision acuities should be measured at a distance of ____ cm.
• Which refractive procedure predates excimer-laser methods?
• A gas bubble is used in which procedure to assist retinal reattachment?
• Which term describes drooping of the upper lid?
• What term describes a lens with both spherical and cylindrical components?
• What issue is reduced by proper frame fit?
• Electronic magnification is accomplished through:
• The liquid form of sodium fluorescein is very susceptible to contamination by which organism?
• The distance at which mires without a lens become clear, when the lensmeter is properly calibrated, is:
• Which statement best matches relative distance magnification?
• Which lens shape is suggested for best cosmetic appearance?
• Which term describes a lens with one concave and one convex surface?
• What is the significance of a high Dk value in a contact lens material?
• Name the two types of cover testing.
• Which two checks are used to verify frame front symmetry when using an interpupillary distance rule?
• Temporal extent of the monocular field is 105 degrees.
• The Goldmann applanation tonometer can be cleaned with which of the following?
• Loss of vision, severe eye pain, and flashing lights are complaints that should be treated as which type of visit?
• A normal blink rate is within which range?
• What is the normal soft lens diameter range?
• In an automated lensometer, keeping the lens flat against the lens stop helps ensure accurate readings.
• When medical records are requested, a records release must be signed by whom?
• Which would cause a photochromic lens to darken?
• Which postoperative practice supports patency after DCR?
• Acquired color vision defects are often monocular.
• Which color vision defect is best described as a blue-yellow weakness?
• The office electric bill is an example of which accounts category?
• Which statement about dilation for GDX or HRT imaging is correct?
• A pachymeter is used to:
• The bevel used most commonly for low power lenses edged to fit into plastic and metal frames is called:
• Which statement connects high diopter power corrections and base curve specification?
• Which statement about prism ballast and truncation is true?
• Which part of the frame directly holds the lens around the perimeter?
• If the sphere lines are focused and unbroken at -1.00, axis 100, and the cylinder lines focus at -1.50, how would the prescription be recorded?
• Which drug is a sympathomimetic used to dilate the pupil?
• A spherocylindrical lens has two powers located ____ degrees from each other?
• Which tint is commonly known as 'blue blocker'?
• Red weakness is Protanomalous.
• Entropion is an inward turning of the lids
• What does SLT stand for in glaucoma therapy?
• The four regions of the visual field are called
• Prentice's rule states induced prism is equal to the lens power multiplied by what distance?
• How far behind the top of the ear should the temple extend?
• A patient with xanthelasma should have bloodwork done to check for:
• If the identification mark on a toric lens rotates 5 degrees to the observer's left and the glasses prescription is -2.50 + 2.00 X100, what contact lens prescription should be ordered?
• What is the recommended adjustment path to achieve a 45-degree angle at the top of the ear?
• Which photoreceptors are responsible for color discrimination?
• Which part of the retina is used when reading an eye chart?
• Plaquenil may be prescribed for:
• Which lens power has the shortest focal length?
• Which refractive error causes parallel light rays to focus in front of the retina?
• Which of the following can contribute to corneal neovascularization?
• Opening a new bottle of eyedrops is indicated in which of the following scenarios?
• What vascular layer lies between the sclera and retina?
• If the patient's best efforts allow him or her to read a 20/400 Snellen letter at a distance of 5 ft, the actual distance vision recording should be:
• What is the total near power for the prescription +2.00 -1.00 X 100 when the near addition is +2.50?
• When checking the calibration of the Goldman tonometer, the tip should move through which values?
• Inflammation of the mucous membrane is called conjunctivitis.
• What is the primary purpose of DCR?
• Which material-related element is used both in contact lenses and cooking ware?
• Which condition is most likely to occur if corneal oxygen supply is reduced over time?
• Which lens is most often used in ophthalmic prescriptions?
• Between which structures does the choroid lie?
• One meter is equal to _____ centimeters and ______ millimeters?
• Which patient might require a Fresnel Press-On Lens?
• Another name for herpes zoster is:
• Flashes and floaters could be a sign of which conditions?
• Approximately how far is optical infinity, in meters?
• Goblet cells produce mucus to aid tear film stability.
• A checklist-based history is easiest to delegate because it is:
• Which term describes outward turning of the eyelid due to loss of elasticity?
• The axis in toric prescriptions is typically expressed in which units?
• Which term describes inward turning of the eyelid?
• Traumatic corneal abrasion from plant material is most associated with which type of keratitis?
• What does PD stand for in lens measurements?
• What is the purpose of a balance lens in cases with a prosthetic or blind eye?
• If glasses are being pushed off the nose because the temples are pressing too tightly, which adjustment should be made?
• Which statement best matches relative size magnification?
• What is the term for the ability to change the focusing system of the eye and sustain focus?
• Which lens type provides three distinct viewing zones across the lens?
• Glands Zeiss produce oil to protect the eyelashes from drying out.
• A condition in which the cornea thins and bulges forward is known as
• Which refractive error is characterized by two focal points in different meridians?
• Which procedure is considered definitive treatment for acquired NLDO?
• The type of ultrasonography used to detect tumors in the eye is
• Which lenses provide clear distance, near and intermediate vision?
• The notation '1 gt bid O.S.' means what?
• The unit of refractive power in optics is a diopter, which measures what?
• Which structure changes lens shape to focus on near objects?
• Which statement about DCR approaches is true?
• Which procedure is a definitive surgical treatment for acquired NLDO?
• Which optical device is typically used to magnify distant objects in low vision?
• What is the back surface curvature of a lens called?
• A frame that follows the curve of the face is described as having which feature?
• Which three characteristics must be considered in the design of an ophthalmic lens?
• Which task is a paraoptometric likely to perform?
• The average power of the crystalline lens is approximately how many diopters?
• Which of the following lenses has the least amount of power in the vertical meridian? HINT: +__________ - _________ X______
• Which color vision defect is best described as a red weakness?
• Which tint can change the present eye color?
• Which exam component would be specific to a sports vision workup?
• When a shopper calls, what is the recommended perspective of the caller?
• Which corneal transplant replaces the entire thickness of the cornea?
• In ophthalmic prescriptions, the abbreviation O.S. denotes which eye?
• ''____'' dimension is the largest vertical measurement.
• A lens with two different curves on the back and one spherical front curve is known as a:
• Name three near-point actions of the eye.
• What term describes a lens with one surface plano and the other surface convex?
• Which statement best describes the difference between a spherical lens and a cylindrical lens?
• How many minutes is the minimum for home therapy per session?
• Which muscle constricts the pupil in bright light?
• Light sensitivity, tearing, & uncontrolled blinking can be symptoms of:
• The average corneal curvature measures approximately how many diopters on the Keratometer?
• Which magnification type is based on moving the object closer to the observer?
• If during projector calibration the 20/20 line is clearly visible at 20 feet, the projector is:
• Cycloplegia is particularly useful during refraction in which patient group?
• Which of the following is NOT an optical low vision aid?
• A hyperopic eye with an optical power of 58.00 D would most likely be prescribed a spectacle lens with how many diopters?
• In the prescription example +2.00 -1.00 X 100, what is the axis value?
• Which feature uniquely identifies an executive bifocal?
• Which condition presents with a band-shaped growth from the conjunctiva onto the cornea?
• Through which type of glass will light travel the slowest?
• The mucous membrane that covers the inside of the eyelids and the outside of the globe is known as the conjunctiva.
• Which condition occurs when parallel light rays form two images in different meridians?
• Plaquenil ocular toxicity most commonly affects which retinal area?
• Bioconcave is when both surfaces are concave.
• Tears drain from the puncta into which structures?
• If axis 135 is transposed to minus cylinder, what is the new axis?
• In ophthalmic terminology, what does 'gt' stand for?
• Which device is commonly used to view distant objects in low vision?
• The fundus contains which structures?
• LARS stands for
• The simplest and most widely used method of filing is called?
• What is the common term for amblyopia?
• Which set of numbers correctly lists the monocular visual field extents in the order superior, inferior, temporal, nasal?
• Which steps are involved in transposing a plus cylinder prescription to a minus cylinder prescription?
• A gas bubble is used in which retinal procedure?
• Which practice helps ensure cosmetics by aligning the eyewear with the wearer’s line of sight?
• Ptosis is
• The ophthalmic drug that can cause discomfort in the brow area is:
• The most common color defect is Deuteranomalous trichromatism.
• Which type of conjunctivitis is most commonly associated with contact lens wear?
• Which of the following is not a near-point action of the eye?
• How many layers are in the retina?
• Which identifying feature characterizes an executive (Franklin) bifocal?
• Which of the following must be accounted for when measuring prism?
• Which of the following is a benefit of anti-reflective coating?
• If the lensometer reading is +1.00 but the calibration reading for sharp focus is +0.25, how would you record the neutralized reading?
• Which term describes the growth of new blood vessels on the retina?
• Which statement about the Amsler Grid is true?
• Which best describes the mire position when the cornea is properly centered and applanated?
• Which statement is accurate regarding DCR?
• Blue-yellow weakness is Tritanomalous.
• The keratitis that manifests a branch-shaped figure on the cornea is caused by which pathogen?
• Which condition is defined as reduced visual acuity not correctable by refractive means?
• Which of the following is not a treatment of keratitis sicca?
• Equipment that may be used in home training includes:
• Episcleritis is often associated with:
• The bridge of the frame should rest flat on the sides of the nose, evenly distributing the weight of the frame. What is a primary effect of this?
• What term describes money that must be paid to others, such as utility bills?
• Which of these lenses +2.00 -0.50 X180 OR +1.50 -1.00 X180 has the least amount of power in the vertical meridian?
• The Potential Acuity Meter is used to determine the potential acuity of a patient who has which condition?
• Three basic functions of the eyelids?
• Which statement is true about axis and cylinder in minus cylinder notation?
• What is the most common type of color vision testing?
• A tangent screen visual field test performed at 1 meter measures how many degrees?
• Using Prentice's rule, if a lens has power 4 D and is decentered by 1 cm, the induced prism is
• What term describes the adjustment made to avoid induced prism when fitting frames?
• Inferior extent of the monocular field is 75 degrees.
• What is the total optical power in the vertical meridian?
• The medical term for the 'white of the eye' is
• Which plier is used for guard arm and endpiece bends?
• The base curve radius (BCR) is generally very similar to which keratometry reading?
• When is it appropriate to open a new bottle of eyedrops?
• In progressive lens fitting, which type of PD is commonly measured?
• The focal length of a lens with +18.00 D power is which of the following in centimeters?
• In low vision testing, what does working distance refer to?
• In the notation +2.00 -0.50 X180, what does the 180 represent?
• The type of case history that is easiest to delegate is the:
• The ability to sense where you are relative to other objects in space is called
• What term describes the eye's ability to focus on near objects?
• Abrasion to the epithelial layer of the cornea heals within 24-48 hours. Which layer is involved?
• Which instrument is used to remove a corneal foreign body?
• In metric notation, 6/15 is the same as:
• If the lensometer is properly calibrated and the target sharpens without a lens present at Z position, where is the focus?
• Aniseikonia is a difference in image size caused by what?
• A corneal abrasion caused by a tree branch is most at risk for which type of keratitis?
• The most common eyelid malignancy is:
• To clean the internal lenses of a refractor, you must:
• Which drug is a cycloplegic agent?
• A lens with a focal length of 20 cm has what diopter value?
• Which condition is diagnosed when the drainage of aqueous humor does not match its production, damaging the optic nerve?
• Which of the following is not part of the case history?
• If one eyewire is closer to the face than the other, what adjustment should be performed?
• What is the term for the space between the eyelids?
• The Amsler Grid is primarily used by a patient at home to monitor what?
• Which statement best matches electronic magnification?
• The cornea receives oxygen and nutrients from which combination of sources?
• A high AC/A ratio is most likely to cause which near-vision finding?
• In cross diagrams, which statement is true about the depiction of powers?
• Where do the horizontal and vertical meridians intersect in the visual field?
• In cover testing, the test that observes eye movement when one eye is covered is called the
• The hallmark of proliferative diabetic retinopathy is:
• How should vertical depth relate to face length?
• Which ability is described as taking visual information from the eyes and using it for future decisions?
• Which instrument is described as flashing simple, abstract patterns of dots and crosses?
• If the horizontal bars of the plus signs are not aligned, you must:
• What term describes the eyes' ability to track or follow an object smoothly?
• In contact lens materials, the Dk value describes which property?
• The equivalent 20-foot working distance for the example above is:
• The ability to change the focusing system of the eye and sustain the focus for long periods is known as which term?
• Which statement best describes the composition of the fundus?
• For which lens materials is the statement about not needing routine drop-ball lab testing applicable, according to the TRUE assertion?
• Which plier changes the pantoscopic angle without placing stress on solder joints?
• Which statement about the Tangent Screen is true?
• According to ANSI standards for glass lenses, which tempering method is required?
• Which of the following is associated with AIDS?
• Which therapeutic drugs are used to treat inflammation?
• When a wearer has a particularly long face, how should the vertical depth of the frame be adjusted?
• Transpose -4.00 +1.25 X 135 into a minus cylinder prescription.
• Which of the following is not a corneal layer?
• Which of the following is NOT listed as a physical attribute of a child that can make frame fitting a challenge?
• Which of the following correctly lists the five layers of the cornea from outermost to innermost?
• The instrument with a loop used to remove corneal foreign bodies is Bailey's loop.
• What term describes cloudiness of the crystalline lens?
• Which plier is best to avoid marring delicate finish when bending around finishes?
• The ability of the eyes to make jump movements.
• The correction for a hyperopic eye with power 58.00 D to reach 60 D uses what sign in diopter notation?
• The type of ultrasonography used to determine the length of the eyeball is
• To reduce systemic absorption of an eyedrop after instillation, what should be done?
• Which document outlines professional conduct guidelines for optometry?
• The ability of a material to allow oxygen to pass through it is known as:
• Xanthelasma prompts evaluation of which system due to potential lipid abnormalities?
• Which glands are located in the eyelid margins and contribute to the lipid layer?
• Which patient should have a cycloplegic drug prior to a refraction?
• Which concept refers to using visual clues to predict where and when something will happen or move?
• The use of an interpupillary distance rule to verify that the frame front is even is known as which combination?
• Which of the following is the fastest eye movement between fixation points?
• In an examination room shorter than 20 feet, which system may be used to create an optical 20-foot distance?
• Which fund is used to cover small incidental office expenses such as postage?
• When focusing the eyepiece of the lensmeter, it must be turned:
• A nurse tilts her head back to read the small numbers on an IV bag with her current bifocals, causing neck strain. Which lens design should be discussed?
• A light ray striking a surface at 90 degrees will:
• When measuring a lens in minus cylinder, if the cylinder lines focus at a more plus reading than the sphere lines, rotate the axis wheel by how many degrees?
• Which fluids help maintain the shape of the eye?
• If one eyewire sits closer to the wearer's face than the other, which adjustment is commonly used?
• Which of the following is a visual therapy objective for accommodative excess?
• Which of the following lists the four elements of telephone courtesy described in chapter 1?
• Which glands contribute the lipid layer of the tear film?
• Tangent Screen testing surface is best described as what material?
• A normal visible iris diameter measurement is approximately which range?
• Kinetic testing is the evaluation of the visual field with a moving target.
• What term describes the depth cue from two eyes enabling three-dimensional perception?
• For internal lens cleaning, which action is recommended?
• The best time to discuss payment policies with a patient is?
• Prism power is measured by
• Keratometry readings are primarily used to assess curvature of which part of the eye?
• Systolic blood pressure represents the force on artery walls when the heart does what?
• The pointed tip of a prism is known as the:
• What type of PD is measured when fitting progressive addition lenses?
• What is the formula to determine decentration per lens from frame PD and patient PD?
• Patients with what type of glaucoma have optic nerve cupping and visual field loss despite normal IOP?
• Which statement about a convex lens is incorrect?
• What is the refractive index of Flint glass as given?
• Centering the eye in the center of the frame is a recommended practice for cosmetics. Which option expresses this idea?
• What two factors influence the path of a light ray as it passes through a transparent medium?
• Which glands produce the watery layer of tear film in conjunction with the lacrimal gland?
• The medical term for absence of the crystalline lens is?
• The cylinder lines will focus at a more minus power reading than the sphere lines when neutralizing a lens in minus cylinder.
• Which skill involves creating a mental picture that preprograms the body to achieve maximum potential?
• If vertical target lines in the distance prescription focus at -2.00 and the same lines focus at +0.50 in the near segment of the lens, the near power should be:
• What characteristic does a toric base curve lens have?
• Which statement is true about corneal epithelial abrasion healing?
• What decentration value is required per lens when the frame PD is 60 mm and the patient PD is 58 mm?
• Blepharospasm is a condition in which the lids are so tightly closed they cannot be opened.
• Describe a gradient tint.
• Which bone forms part of the orbit?
• Which statement best describes CR-39 lenses compared to glass lenses?
• To keep the visual welfare of the patient uppermost at all times is found in which document?
• Which statement best defines low-tension glaucoma?
• Which statement best describes the purpose of matching frame width to the facial bone structure above the cheek bones?
• Automated Perimeter testing provides accurate assessment of which aspects of the visual field?
• The underdeveloped nose bridge in a pediatric patient commonly leads to which fitting challenge?
• Longer eyelashes in a child can affect frame fitting by causing which issue?
• Which statement about corneal topography is true?
• Which tonometer has the advantage of being portable, fast, and comfortable to hold?
• A pooling of blood in the anterior chamber is a:
• In the near power calculation example, which addition value is used to compute near power?
• The projector is calibrated by:
• Reduced ability to accommodate that occurs normally with age?
• Why should the keratometer eyepiece not be moved back and forth when focusing the cross?
• Arc Perimeter is best described as what?
• After crossing at the optic chiasm, which structure carries the crossed fibers?
• A lens clock is used to measure which of the following?
• TRUE OR FALSE: A person with a low or normal pressure reading does not have glaucoma.
• Dacryocystorhinostomy bypasses which duct?
• Glands Moll are located at the eyelid margin and are a type of what glands?
• Which term describes normal focusing with no refractive error?
• Which statement correctly lists advantages of glass over CR-39 lenses?
• Low vision acuity testing is typically started at a distance of ____ ft.
• The term 'face form' refers to a frame that follows which feature?
• Difficulty turning the eyes inward is most accurately called which condition?
• True or False: Polycarbonate, high-index plastic, and CR-39 lenses do not have to be routinely tested in the lab by the drop-ball testing.
• If the near power is +3.00, what is the most likely intermediate power?
• Which speed of light in a vacuum is commonly cited?
• What type of drug is used to paralyze accommodation?
• The width of the frame endpiece to endpiece should be approximately equal to the width of which area?
• When focusing the eyepiece of a lensometer, why is it important to stop turning the eyepiece when a sharp focus is first obtained?
• Which drug dilates the pupil without affecting accommodation?
• Dendritic ulcers on the cornea are a hallmark of which keratitis?
• Which of the following is not a skill of visual processing?
• If the sphere lines are focused and unbroken at +3.00, axis 90, and the cylinder lines focus at +1.00, how would the prescription be recorded?
• What does the term aphakic mean?
• The four regions of the visual field are separated by which lines?
• Which statement about polycarbonate lenses and UV protection is true?
• Which membrane lies directly posterior to the corneal stroma?
• Which statement about a spherical lens is true?
• Which of the following describes a clinical sign of giant papillary conjunctivitis (GPC)?
• Which term describes an eye movement in which both eyes move toward the nose?
• The ability to maintain both eyes pointed at precisely the same object is called what?
• Which description outlines the procedure for adding a mastoid bend to a temple?
• Which statement is NOT a basic function of the eyelids?
• Which procedure is used to seal retinal tears with cryotherapy?
• To check for X-ing of the bridge, from which views should the frame be observed?
• What is the primary purpose of corneal topography measurements in refractive care?
• Prism ballast and truncation of a toric lens are used to:
• What is another medical term for the condition commonly called 'lazy eye'?
• The ophthalmic drug that can cause discomfort in the brow area is:
• The degenerative corneal disease that results in irregular astigmatism is:
• An instrument known as a microkeratome is used in which procedure?
• When dispensing a pair of progressive addition lenses, the manufacturer's markings are used to do what?
• What term describes normal focusing of parallel light rays onto the retina with no refractive error?
• Watching a seagull fly over the ocean demonstrates which type of eye movement?
• The first number, or numerator, of the Snellen notation represents:
• Which of the following is a common finding indicating proliferative changes in diabetic retinopathy?
• Which AMD treatment will restore vision, Macugen, Visudyne or both?
• From which sources does the cornea receive oxygen and nutrients?
• Corneal topography measurements should be performed
• In the given example, what is the near power value?
• The average total power, front and back, of the cornea is how many diopters?
• TRUE OR FALSE: When recording patient history, only the positive responses are pertinent.
• Pad-angling is used to adjust what?
• Ectropion is the eyelid turns outward due to loss of elasticity.
• Which device is typically used for testing a semicircular arc around the center of vision?
• Determining the priority of the patient's complaints is called what?
• What does the fitting cross indicate in the markings of a progressive lens?
• What is the leading cause of blindness in the United States for persons over the age of 65?
• Which of the following is not a preservative used in contact lens solutions?
• Which statement is true regarding color vision testing in clinical practice?
• Which statement best describes minus cylinder notation in neutralization results?
• Neovascularization of the cornea can occur if:
• What describes the role of the temple in stabilizing the frame when fitting?
• Which term describes the mental rehearsal that primes the body for maximum performance?
• Which notation is used to describe distance visual acuity on the chart?
• Which term describes the condition of lacking a natural crystalline lens?
• Which of the following is not an acceptable treatment for physiologic myopia?
• What is the name of the legislation meant to regulate the contact lens replacement industry?
• Which statement describes the speed of light when entering a slower medium at normal incidence?
• What does the base curve refer to in ophthalmic lenses?
• What happens to parallel light rays after passing through a convex lens?
• Which ability allows judging distance and speed of an object in space?
• Which muscle is responsible for eyelid closure?
• Which of the following is a function of the lacrimal system?
• What is the function of the crystalline lens?
• Which device is commonly used to magnify small print for reading at near distances?
• What visual field defect results from damage to the optic chiasm?
• What is the reason for close monitoring when ordering solutions and drugs?
• Why should the paraoptometric ask about family history?
• Which term describes a refractive condition in which parallel rays do not focus on the retina?
• Which concept reflects the ability to maintain performance despite distracting visuals?
• The use of minus lenses in low vision is primarily in which device?
• The first refractive procedure to use an excimer laser is which of the following?
• What is the lens type called when one surface is plano and the other surface concave?
• Giant Papillary Conjunctivitis is most commonly associated with which of the following?
• True or False: Photochromic lenses are only available in glass.
• Which ability allows a person to endure visual noise and distractions without performance drop?
• Which statement is NOT true regarding topical anesthetics?
• Which reading aid is best for a patient with Parkinson's disease?
• In which circumstances would a base curve be specified when ordering a lens?
• Which equipment is commonly used in home vision training?
• The three nosepad angles corresponding to the slope of the nose?
• In a minus cylinder prescription with axis at 90 degrees, the cylinder power is applied to which meridian?
• What is the term for the small openings on the eyelids that collect tears?
• Which term describes the ability to judge distance and speed of an object in space?
• What material is used to make high-index plastic lenses?
• PD stands for
• Increasing the size of the font on a computer screen is an example of:
• Which instrument is used to evaluate the crystalline lens?
• If the metal contacts in the bulb housing are corroded, they should be cleaned with what?
• True or False: Every patient tested should have a nonseeing area in their visual field.
• Which statement about DCR is true?
• Seg inset is measured in which unit?
• Bridge size is the same as the DBL.
• In eye emergencies, which combination signals higher urgency?
• Which of the following is not a surgical treatment for refractive error?
• Which surgical procedure uses a silicone band to apply pressure to the retina?
• The rapid, simultaneous movement of both eyes to refixate on a new point is known as
• The instrument used to test visual acuity under different lighting conditions is called?
• If the frame slides down the nose, what adjustment is recommended?
• Decentration refers to which of the following?
• The rapid, forceful closure of the eyelids that protects the eye from foreign bodies and excessive light is called:
• Distance between lenses or DBL is the separation of two lenses in a frame at the nasal bevel tips.
• Which plier is used to bend plastic and metal without marring the finish?
• Which task is typically performed by a paraoptometric?
• Angular magnification refers to:
• Which term describes a lens with both surfaces convex?
• Which of the following can affect visual acuity by extending across the cornea?
• Light rays passing through a prism will be bent toward the:
• Which term describes inward turning of the eyelid?
• Which statement is NOT true regarding topical anesthetics?